Saturday 25 October 2008

Teaching English in Sudan

Working & living in Khartoum

Sudan 2008


During 2008 I had the opportunity to teach English in Khartoum, Sudan. It is not exactly a popular tourist destination like Greece. Civil war between the North and South still existed. A huge UN presence in Khartoum to monitor issues in Darfur, made it a volatile situation. The president was at that time indicted by the World Court for crimes against humanity and the rebels attacked Khartoum at one point. One could not walk around like a tourist taking pictures of everything. There was a certain danger to everyday life. Yet I felt more secure and safe than in South Africa. You knew the boundaries and the do's and don’ts, whereas in SA the enemy is within. The locals in Khartoum are very hospitable and caring. They went out of their way to show kindness and provide help.

Again like in most African cities the divide between rich and poor is evident. Some had everything, some had nothing. Yet people showed no jealousy or envy, but rather a contentment. Due to the fact that many Non-profit Aid and relief organizations are involved with projects in Sudan, a huge foreign expat community exists. The UN, UNHCR, WFP, WHIO, UNICEF to name but a few employ a wide workers with different nationalities. Parties, get-togethers, and clubs like in the days of colonialism exist to entertain and strengthen the camaraderie between expats in a faraway dangerous place. I attended some of these, but my impression was that these events only served to provide opportunities to get drunk legally.

As alcohol is forbidden in Islamic countries, bars and pubs exist to a limited extent, and then exclusively served expats. NGO expats got their drinks flown in on sanctioned UN planes to pass customs unnoticed. Eritreans supplied the locals need for booze. I was approached on a street by an Eritrean offering me a bottle of whiskey for USD 70. The illegal market in pornography and alcohol provides a constant supply for the great demand. It is said that there are more alcoholics in Islamic countries than anywhere else. More affluent Arab men are huge consumers of sex tourism in Thailand and China. There are sex hotels in Dubai specifically to cater to this need. In Afrikaans, we have a saying "bo blink, onder stink", which means that on the outside people are all pious and holy, yet on the inside they are rotten........ 'White-washed tombs'. Double standards of foreign expat workers who came to 'help' but in reality fled away from their countries to pursue illegal activities legally, also existed. The locals hated the UN and all its sister organizations.

Petroleum companies from China also invaded Sudan to exploit this valuable commodity. One of my functions was to improve these employees' English. As a minority group living in compounds, they were quite eager for friendship. As I worked in China for 3 years, I could speak reasonable Chinese and they took me in and made me part of some extracurricular activities. In the poor areas, you had street food and sidewalk tea, while in more affluent areas you had 'Beverley Hills' style coffee shops and restaurants which catered for the upper crust expats and locals. I loved the spontaneity and friendliness of the poorer classes, which made you feel welcome and accepted. The upper crust entertainment venues filled with expat snobs made you feel like the cat dragged you in.

Not all expats were there for the wrong reasons, I went to church there and met Christians who were trying to erase the bad image of expats within the community. I had friends within all these different groups of people and it gave me great insight into the make-up of Khartoum, truly a city of contrast and variety.

Working in Khartoum

Camels - Khartoum


About Sudan


Sudan (Arabic: Al-Sudan) is the third largest country in Africa and sixteenth largest in the world, bordering Egypt, Eritrea, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Libya, and South Sudan.  Sudan is afflicted by civil wars which have been raging, on and off, for more than 40 years. When the colonial map-makers divided up Africa, they included in Sudan the predominantly Muslim people of the north (including Nubians), who share much of their history and culture with Egyptians and Arabs, and the largely Christian and Animist Nilotic and Bantu people of the south, who have more in common with the rest of sub-Saharan Africa than with their northern neighbours (Wikitravel).

About Khartoum


Khartoum (Arabic: Al-Khartum) is the capital of Sudan and is located where the Blue Nile and White Nile Rivers merge. The huge, spread-out city is actually made out of three distinct cities (Khartoum, Khartoum North or Bahri, and Omdurman) which are divided by the Nile and its two arms (Wikipedia). The Three Towns—Khartoum, Omdurman, and Khartoum North—together comprise the political, commercial, and administrative center for Sudan. Located where the Blue Nile and White Nile join to flow north toward Egypt, the capital city is the largest urban complex in the country. Khartoum, the political capital, means "elephant trunk" in Arabic (encyclopedia.com).

The view of the Winner Language Institute, where I worked, taken from Nile street.
I lived on the fourth floor of the villa. The school were on floors 1 - 3

Posing with Ali the guard at the gate, who ensured security on the compound. 
This is the minibus Sami and I drove all over Khartoum to recruit new clients 
and to take me to companies where I did in-house training

Ali, the security guard.

Sitting in the reception area of the school

The reception area - taken from the second floor of the school

Simon, our Southern Sudanese tea boy, a gentle soul - in the reception area

The reception area where we showed English movies on the big TV - 'Sense and Sensibility'

Second-floor internet access points

One of the classrooms

My office

With summer school students

The school kitchen on the bottom floor.
I had no kitchen upstairs and thus had to share this one with the school

My sitting room...not air-conditioned and not the most comfortable sofas

Karen and Sandra relaxing in the sitting room

My bedroom, fully air-conditioned, a safe haven to cool down and read

The roof where I tanned, listened to the Deutsche Welle radio station and dried my clothes. 
It took only 15 minutes or so for clothes to dry in the searing heat.

The roof of the school - Nile street and the Nile to the left

Archie, the cat I inherited from a previous teacher.
I had to buy expensive cat food, I really could not afford.
He would only pitch up when it was feeding time.

My roof during a haboob (sandstorm)

Views of the neighborhood taken from my roof.
Right below and next to our villa, a Southern Sudanese family squatted in the incomplete building

Osman, my first driver taken near our villa, with Nile street in the background

In central Khartoum doing marketing for the school

Sami, my Sudanese driver, who became a good friend 

Sami in action

The school van Sami and I mostly used around the city to do marketing
and to drop me for teaching sessions at the clients' location

Taking pics on the go

The CPECC boardroom, a Chinese petroleum company, whose employees I taught English

A group photo of my Chinese students

One of my Chinese students posing with a Sudanese official

Karen, a colleague, shopping at Marwa supermarket

Karen, a colleague, shopping at Marwa supermarket


Friday 24 October 2008

The Khartoum Nile River & Nile bridges

English Teacher in Sudan 


Khartoum 2008


I taught English as a second language in Khartoum during 2008. Sudan with its huge UN and other NGO presence is not really a popular holiday destination for anyone. I prefer working in these undiscovered developing countries where one can still find the real culture, unspoiled and un-trampled by tourists and tour buses. I explored Khartoum mostly by foot, sometimes in searing heat, taking pictures for which I got arrested once. The president at that time Mohammed Al Bashir was indicted by the World Court for crimes against humanity. At that time civil war still existed between the North and the South, the oil-rich South seeking independence from the Arab North. The bridges across the Nile into Khartoum proper were perfect insertion points for the Southern rebels. 



I wanted to take pictures of the bridges, and other Khartoum street scenery, which was considered an act of espionage. Fortunately, after lots of prayers, I was released after my true identity was discovered. Hence taking pictures was quite a challenge for a snap-happy chappy like myself. To continue my obsession I had to devise plans not to be seen. Most of the pictures I took of bridges and other politically sensitive positions had to be done from the hip, like a gun-slinger.

Khartoum railway bridge - connects Khartoum proper and Bahri (Khartoum-North)

Nile sunset - near Nile street, Buri

About Sudan


Sudan (Arabic: السودان Al-Sudan) is the third largest country in Africa and sixteenth largest in the world, bordering Egypt, Eritrea, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Libya, and South Sudan.  Sudan is afflicted by civil wars which have been raging, on and off, for more than 40 years. When the colonial map-makers divided up Africa, they included in Sudan the predominantly Muslim people of the north (including Nubians), who share much of their history and culture with Egyptians and Arabs, and the largely Christian and Animist Nilotic and Bantu people of the south, who have more in common with the rest of sub-Saharan Africa than with their northern neighbours (Wikitravel).

Khartoum & The Nile


Khartoum means "elephant trunk" in Arabic. Khartoum (Arabic: Al-Khartum) is the political capital of Sudan. The Three Towns: Khartoum, Omdurman, and Khartoum North—together comprise the political, commercial, and administrative centre for Sudan. Located where the Blue Nile and White Nile join to flow north toward Egypt, the capital city is the largest urban complex in Sudan  (encyclopedia.com). Khartoum is a metropolis with an estimated overall population of over five million people, consisting of Khartoum proper, and linked by bridges to Khartoum North called (al-Kharṭūm Baḥrī ) and Omdurman (Umm Durmān ) to the west (Wikipedia).  

The Blue Nile flows between Khartoum and Bahri, the White Nile between Khartoum and Omdurman, and the merged Nile between Bahri and Omdurman. The confluence of the Blue and White Nile, known as Al-Mogran, which confluence at Tuti island, lies just north of the bridge between Khartoum and Omdurman (Wikitravel).

Brickmaker on the banks of the Nile near my home on Nile street in Buri.
For exercise, I often ran along the banks of the Nile through agricultural land

Sunset cruise on the Nile for tourists and more affluent Sudanese

Agricultural Water pump on the banks of the Nile. Across the Nile, the ultra-rich living in villas of grandeur. 

Khartoum climate & agriculture


Khartoum is located in the semi-arid savanna belt of Sudan, with an average annual rainfall of 100-200 mm and a long dry season from September to June. A wide range of production systems can be found ranging from household subsistence to large-scale commercial farming. Crops grown in Khartoum state comprise a long list of vegetables, fruit trees, medicinal and aromatic plants, and field crops. In addition, intensive livestock production systems for milk, meat, and poultry are operational within and around Khartoum city. Khartoum state with its unique position at the confluence of the Blue and White Niles represents an ideal location for food production, which is fully oriented to satisfy urban demands (El Siddig et al)


Seasonal farmer and a vendor chatting on farmland adjacent to the Nile

Nile irrigation

Temporary housing for farm laborers working the land adjacent to the Nile. During the flood season they move elsewhere.

Taking a Nile bath after a hard days work

The land adjacent to the Nile during dry season. It floods every year, then the seasonal farmers make way for fishermen

Previously farmed, now being fished

Prior to the flooding

Nile during the flood season, taken from the roof of my villa

Nile farmland, with the 'Beverley hills' community across the Nile in the background - 
This green area floods during rainy season. Farming is thus seasonal.

Nile in flood at dusk

The Nile during the flood season, coming right up the Nile street corniche

Nile bridges


Sunset - Railway bridge 

Tuti bridge

Man walking on Nile street corniche with the old railway bridge in the background

Burri bridge

Nile sunsets



Buri - Khartoum

Buri - Khartoum

Buri - Khartoum

Buri - Khartoum

Ferry terminal

Ferry terminal

The Nile

The 'beach'


Khartoum 'beach' - Relaxing on the banks of the Nile

The 'Beach', a popular swim spot and relaxation area next to the Nile- near Buri

Tuti Island



Fishing boat - Tuti island, where White and Blue Nile rivers confluence.

The scenery on Tuti island - Tuti bridge & Burj Al Fateh hotel across the river in Khartoum